DeepSeek R1-0528 671B on DCU K100-AI 64GB (海光深算) (64GB) — VRAM, KV Cache & Throughput

DeepSeek R1-0528 671B (671B total, 37B active, Multi-head Latent Attention (MLA) MoE) uses 377 GiB of 4-bit weights (Q4_K_M), requiring 378.11 GiB total at 8K context and 379.71 GiB at 32K on DCU K100-AI 64GB (海光深算) (~2.8 tok/s decode).

Interactive Sizing Workbench

Full Compatibility Report →

Open-Weight Model671B / 37B

Weights & QuantizationQ4_K_M · 377 GiB

Context Window8,192 (8K)

Target Hardware

64 GB · 1638 GB/s

GPU Count (Tensor Parallel)

Concurrent Batch Size

KV Cache Precision

Inference Engine

System RAM Offload (CPU)0%

Exceeds Available GPU Memory

Measured GGUF shard size HF config.json ↗

Memory Allocation Breakdown (GiB) 378.11 GiB (405.99 GB) / 64 GiB (591%)

Model Weights: 377 GiB KV Cache & State: 0.54 GiB Runtime & Activation Buffers: 0.57 GiB System RAM Offload: 0 GiB

Required GPU Memory

378.11 GiB

405.99 GB (decimal)

Usable Hardware Memory

60.8 GiB

64 GB (physical)

Safe Headroom

-317.31 GiB

591% utilization

Est. Decode Throughput

~2.8 tok/s

37B active params

Est. Prefill Throughput

~1722 tok/s

4K Prompt TTFT: ~2379 ms

Est. Cost / 1M Tokens

$350.79

Multi-head Latent Attention (MLA) MoE · MIT

Recommended Hardware for Current Configuration

Best Single GPU

Multi-GPU Required

—

Best Value / Used GPU

4x H200 141GB SXM

564GB · ~$128,000

Apple Unified Memory

Mac Studio M3 Ultra 512GB

~$9,500

Cloud From

Vast.ai · $3.54 / hr

8x A100 80GB SXM

Production Launch Commands

llama.cpp (GGUF)

llama-server -hf unsloth/DeepSeek-R1-0528-GGUF:Q4_K_M \
  --ctx-size 8192 -ngl 999 --flash-attn

vLLM

vllm serve deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-0528 \
  --max-model-len 8192 --gpu-memory-utilization 0.92

Live Token Speed Simulator (TTFT ~2379ms · ~2.8 tok/s)

[DeepSeek R1-0528 671B · 378.11 GiB] allocated on target GPU. Prefill completed in TTFT window; streaming autoregressive tokens at memory-bandwidth-bound rate...

Cloud GPU Comparison & Rent-vs-Buy TCO

Verified public rates across RunPod, Vast.ai, Vultr, and DigitalOcean.

Verified: 2026-11-05

Active usage (hours / day)4 h / day

Local hardware budget ($)

Electricity rate ($/kWh)

Purchase break-even

~5.8 months

Est. local power: $7.45 / mo

Provider	Recommended Instance	Total VRAM	Hourly Rate	Monthly at Selected Hours	Billing Mode	Deploy
RunPod	2x B300 288GB Blackwell Ultra (Community Cloud)	576 GB	$13.88 / hr	$1687.81 / mo	Per-second	Deploy GPU ↗
Vast.ai	8x A100 80GB SXM (Verified Host · SXM4)	640 GB	$3.54 / hr	$429.98 / mo	Spot / On-demand	Deploy GPU ↗
*Vultr ($300 Free Credit)**	8x A100 80GB SXM (Dedicated Instance · $300 Credit*)	640 GB	$19.18 / hr	$2331.80 / mo	Hourly	Deploy GPU ↗
Vultr Cloud GPU	8x A100 80GB SXM (Dedicated Instance)	640 GB	$19.18 / hr	$2331.80 / mo	Hourly	Deploy GPU ↗
DigitalOcean	8x Instinct MI300X 192GB (Dedicated Instance)	1536 GB	$20.72 / hr	$2519.55 / mo	Per-second	Deploy GPU ↗

Rates reflect public listings on the verification date and fluctuate with regional inventory.

Fine-Tuning VRAM Requirements (QLoRA / LoRA / Full) — DeepSeek R1-0528 671B

QLoRA (4b) Exceeds Available GPU Memory

383.35 GiB

Model Weights: 377 GiB · Gradients + Optimizer: 5.18 GiB · Act: 1.17 GiB

Recommended GPU: 4x H200 141GB SXM (564GB)

LoRA (16b) Exceeds Available GPU Memory

1259.71 GiB

Model Weights: 1250 GiB · Gradients + Optimizer: 8.14 GiB · Act: 1.57 GiB

Recommended GPU: 8x B200 180GB (1440GB)

Full BF16 Exceeds Available GPU Memory

5127.77 GiB

Model Weights: 1250 GiB · Gradients + Optimizer: 3875 GiB · Act: 2.77 GiB

Recommended GPU: Multi-GPU Required

Engineering Sizing Notes & Optimization Playbook

Quick Hardware Verdict

A single DCU K100-AI 64GB (海光深算) (64GB) cannot hold 4-bit DeepSeek R1-0528 671B (378.11 GiB at 8K) entirely in VRAM. Use multi-GPU tensor parallelism, offload layers to system RAM, or deploy on a larger cloud GPU.

KV Cache & Runtime Tuning

DeepSeek R1-0528 671B uses Multi-head Latent Attention (MLA) MoE (671B total, 37B active per token). Moving from 8K to 32K context expands FP16 KV cache from 0.54 GiB to 2.14 GiB; enabling 8-bit KV cache (llama.cpp -ctk q8_0 -ctv q8_0 or vLLM --kv-cache-dtype fp8) saves 1.07 GiB at 32K (reducing total VRAM to 378.64 GiB).

VRAM Scaling Across Context Windows (4K to 128K, 4-bit Weights)

Model weights remain constant while attention KV cache grows with context length and batch size.

Quantization Precision & Memory Matrix — DeepSeek R1-0528 671B @ 8K

Quantization Format	Weights (GiB)	KV Cache	Total VRAM (GiB)	Decode Speed	Compatibility (DCU K100-AI 64GB (海光深算))	Recommended GPU	Data Source
Native Weights (BF16 / FP8 / MXFP4 — Lossless) (FP8)	1250 GiB	0.54 GiB	1251.11 GiB (1343.37 GB)	~0.8 tok/s	Exceeds Available GPU Memory	Multi-GPU Required	Official checkpoint size
FP8 / GGUF Q8_0 (8-bit — Near-Lossless) (Q8_0)	664 GiB	0.54 GiB	665.11 GiB (714.16 GB)	~1.5 tok/s	Exceeds Available GPU Memory	Multi-GPU Required	Measured GGUF shard size
GGUF Q6_K (6-bit — High Precision) (Q6_K)	513 GiB	0.54 GiB	514.11 GiB (552.02 GB)	~2 tok/s	Exceeds Available GPU Memory	Multi-GPU Required	Measured GGUF shard size
GGUF Q5_K_M (5-bit — Balanced) (Q5_K_M)	443 GiB	0.54 GiB	444.11 GiB (476.86 GB)	~2.4 tok/s	Exceeds Available GPU Memory	Multi-GPU Required	Measured GGUF shard size
Q4_K_M / UD-Q4_K_XL / AWQ (4-bit — Recommended) (Q4_K_M)	377 GiB	0.54 GiB	378.11 GiB (405.99 GB)	~2.8 tok/s	Exceeds Available GPU Memory	Multi-GPU Required	Measured GGUF shard size
GGUF IQ4_XS (4.25-bit — Compact) (IQ4_XS)	333.5 GiB	0.54 GiB	334.61 GiB (359.28 GB)	~3.3 tok/s	Exceeds Available GPU Memory	Multi-GPU Required	Measured GGUF shard size
GGUF Q3_K_M (3-bit — Low VRAM) (Q3_K_M)	298 GiB	0.54 GiB	299.11 GiB (321.17 GB)	~3.8 tok/s	Exceeds Available GPU Memory	Multi-GPU Required	Measured GGUF shard size
GGUF UD-Q2_K_XL (2-bit — Extreme MoE) (UD-Q2_K_XL)	229.5 GiB	0.54 GiB	230.61 GiB (247.62 GB)	~5.2 tok/s	Exceeds Available GPU Memory	Instinct MI325X 256GB (256GB)	Measured GGUF shard size

Technical Specifications & FAQ

Does DeepSeek R1-0528 671B fit on DCU K100-AI 64GB (海光深算) (64GB)?

In 4-bit (Q4_K_M) at 8,192 context, DeepSeek R1-0528 671B requires 378.11 GiB total GPU memory (377 GiB weights + 0.54 GiB KV cache + 0.57 GiB runtime buffers) against 60.8 GiB usable on DCU K100-AI 64GB (海光深算), delivering ~2.8 tok/s decode.

How much VRAM does DeepSeek R1-0528 671B need at 32K context?

At 32,768 context tokens, DeepSeek R1-0528 671B (Multi-head Latent Attention (MLA) MoE) allocates 2.14 GiB for KV cache and state, bringing total 4-bit VRAM to 379.71 GiB (407.71 GB decimal).

Evaluate This Model on Other GPUs

RTX 3060 12GB (12GB)RTX 4060 Ti 16GB (16GB)RTX 5060 Ti 16GB (16GB)RTX 4070 Ti Super (16GB)RTX 4080 Super (16GB)RTX 5070 12GB (12GB)RTX 5070 Ti (16GB)RTX 5080 (16GB)RTX 3090 (24GB)RTX 4090 (24GB)RTX 4090 D (24GB)RTX 5090 (32GB)RTX 5090 D (32GB)RTX A6000 (48GB)RTX 6000 Ada (48GB)RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell (96GB)DGX Spark (GB10 128GB) (128GB)L4 24GB (24GB)A40 48GB (48GB)L20 48GB (48GB)L40S 48GB (48GB)A800 80GB SXM (80GB)A100 80GB SXM (80GB)H800 80GB SXM (80GB)H100 80GB SXM (80GB)H20 96GB HBM3 (96GB)H20 141GB HBM3e (141GB)H200 141GB SXM (141GB)B200 180GB (180GB)B300 288GB Blackwell Ultra (288GB)Ascend 910B 64GB (昇腾) (64GB)Ascend 910C 128GB (昇腾) (128GB)Atlas 300I Duo 96GB (310P) (96GB)MLU590 80GB (寒武纪思元) (80GB)MetaX C500 64GB (沐曦曦云) (64GB)Kunlunxin P800 64GB (昆仑芯) (64GB)MTT S4000 48GB (摩尔线程) (48GB)Radeon RX 7900 XTX 24GB (24GB)Radeon AI PRO R9700 32GB (32GB)Ryzen AI Max+ 395 128GB (128GB)Instinct MI300X 192GB (192GB)Instinct MI325X 256GB (256GB)Instinct MI355X 288GB (288GB)Arc Pro B60 24GB (24GB)Gaudi 3 128GB HBM2e (128GB)Mac mini M4 Pro 64GB (64GB)MacBook Pro M4 Max 128GB (128GB)Mac Studio M4 Ultra 256GB (256GB)Mac Studio M3 Ultra 512GB (512GB)

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