MiniMax M3.1 Flash (428B-A23B) on Gaudi 3 128GB HBM2e (128GB) — VRAM, KV Cache & Throughput

MiniMax M3.1 Flash (428B-A23B) (428B total, 23B active, Sparse MoE + GQA) uses 242.14 GiB of 4-bit weights (Q4_K_M), requiring 243.65 GiB total at 8K context and 246.46 GiB at 32K on Gaudi 3 128GB HBM2e (~7.5 tok/s decode).

Interactive Sizing Workbench

Full Compatibility Report →

Open-Weight Model428B / 23B

Weights & QuantizationQ4_K_M · 242.14 GiB

Context Window8,192 (8K)

Target Hardware

128 GB · 3700 GB/s

GPU Count (Tensor Parallel)

Concurrent Batch Size

KV Cache Precision

Inference Engine

System RAM Offload (CPU)0%

Exceeds Available GPU Memory

Config-derived formula HF config.json ↗

Memory Allocation Breakdown (GiB) 243.65 GiB (261.62 GB) / 128 GiB (190%)

Model Weights: 242.14 GiB KV Cache & State: 0.94 GiB Runtime & Activation Buffers: 0.57 GiB System RAM Offload: 0 GiB

Required GPU Memory

243.65 GiB

261.62 GB (decimal)

Usable Hardware Memory

121.6 GiB

128 GB (physical)

Safe Headroom

-122.05 GiB

190% utilization

Est. Decode Throughput

~7.5 tok/s

23B active params

Est. Prefill Throughput

~20743 tok/s

4K Prompt TTFT: ~197 ms

Est. Cost / 1M Tokens

$257.04

Sparse MoE + GQA · Custom

Recommended Hardware for Current Configuration

Best Single GPU

Instinct MI355X 288GB (288GB)

~$27,000

Best Value / Used GPU

2x H200 141GB SXM

282GB · ~$64,000

Apple Unified Memory

Mac Studio M3 Ultra 512GB

~$9,500

Cloud From

RunPod · $6.94 / hr

1x B300 288GB Blackwell Ultra

Production Launch Commands

llama.cpp (GGUF)

llama-server -hf unsloth/MiniMax-M3.1-Flash-GGUF:Q4_K_M \
  --ctx-size 8192 -ngl 999 --flash-attn

vLLM

vllm serve MiniMaxAI/MiniMax-M3.1-Flash \
  --max-model-len 8192 --gpu-memory-utilization 0.92

Live Token Speed Simulator (TTFT ~197ms · ~7.5 tok/s)

[MiniMax M3.1 Flash (428B-A23B) · 243.65 GiB] allocated on target GPU. Prefill completed in TTFT window; streaming autoregressive tokens at memory-bandwidth-bound rate...

Cloud GPU Comparison & Rent-vs-Buy TCO

Verified public rates across RunPod, Vast.ai, Vultr, and DigitalOcean.

Verified: 2026-11-04

Active usage (hours / day)4 h / day

Local hardware budget ($)

Electricity rate ($/kWh)

Purchase break-even

~33.2 months

Est. local power: $29.79 / mo

Provider	Recommended Instance	Total VRAM	Hourly Rate	Monthly at Selected Hours	Billing Mode	Deploy
RunPod	1x B300 288GB Blackwell Ultra (Community Cloud)	288 GB	$6.94 / hr	$843.90 / mo	Per-second	Deploy GPU ↗
Vast.ai	2x H200 141GB SXM (Verified Host · NVL)	282 GB	$7.74 / hr	$940.94 / mo	Spot / On-demand	Deploy GPU ↗
*Vultr ($300 Free Credit)**	8x A100 80GB SXM (Dedicated Instance · $300 Credit*)	640 GB	$19.18 / hr	$2331.80 / mo	Hourly	Deploy GPU ↗
Vultr Cloud GPU	8x A100 80GB SXM (Dedicated Instance)	640 GB	$19.18 / hr	$2331.80 / mo	Hourly	Deploy GPU ↗
DigitalOcean	8x Instinct MI300X 192GB (Dedicated Instance)	1536 GB	$20.72 / hr	$2519.55 / mo	Per-second	Deploy GPU ↗

Rates reflect public listings on the verification date and fluctuate with regional inventory.

Fine-Tuning VRAM Requirements (QLoRA / LoRA / Full) — MiniMax M3.1 Flash (428B-A23B)

QLoRA (4b) Exceeds Available GPU Memory

246.5 GiB

Model Weights: 242.14 GiB · Gradients + Optimizer: 3.22 GiB · Act: 1.14 GiB

Recommended GPU: Instinct MI355X 288GB (288GB)

LoRA (16b) Exceeds Available GPU Memory

803.79 GiB

Model Weights: 797.21 GiB · Gradients + Optimizer: 5.06 GiB · Act: 1.52 GiB

Recommended GPU: 8x H200 141GB SXM (1128GB)

Full BF16 Exceeds Available GPU Memory

3271.25 GiB

Model Weights: 797.21 GiB · Gradients + Optimizer: 2471.35 GiB · Act: 2.69 GiB

Recommended GPU: Multi-GPU Required

Engineering Sizing Notes & Optimization Playbook

Quick Hardware Verdict

A single Gaudi 3 128GB HBM2e (128GB) cannot hold 4-bit MiniMax M3.1 Flash (428B-A23B) (243.65 GiB at 8K) entirely in VRAM. Use multi-GPU tensor parallelism, offload layers to system RAM, or deploy on a larger cloud GPU.

KV Cache & Runtime Tuning

MiniMax M3.1 Flash (428B-A23B) uses Sparse MoE + GQA (428B total, 23B active per token). Moving from 8K to 32K context expands FP16 KV cache from 0.94 GiB to 3.75 GiB; enabling 8-bit KV cache (llama.cpp -ctk q8_0 -ctv q8_0 or vLLM --kv-cache-dtype fp8) saves 1.87 GiB at 32K (reducing total VRAM to 244.59 GiB).

VRAM Scaling Across Context Windows (4K to 128K, 4-bit Weights)

Model weights remain constant while attention KV cache grows with context length and batch size.

Quantization Precision & Memory Matrix — MiniMax M3.1 Flash (428B-A23B) @ 8K

Quantization Format	Weights (GiB)	KV Cache	Total VRAM (GiB)	Decode Speed	Compatibility (Gaudi 3 128GB HBM2e)	Recommended GPU	Data Source
Native Weights (BF16 / FP8 / MXFP4 — Lossless) (BF16)	797.21 GiB	0.94 GiB	798.72 GiB (857.62 GB)	~1.4 tok/s	Exceeds Available GPU Memory	Multi-GPU Required	Official checkpoint size
FP8 / GGUF Q8_0 (8-bit — Near-Lossless) (Q8_0)	423.52 GiB	0.94 GiB	425.03 GiB (456.37 GB)	~3.1 tok/s	Exceeds Available GPU Memory	Multi-GPU Required	Config-derived formula
GGUF Q6_K (6-bit — High Precision) (Q6_K)	326.86 GiB	0.94 GiB	328.37 GiB (352.58 GB)	~4.5 tok/s	Exceeds Available GPU Memory	Multi-GPU Required	Config-derived formula
GGUF Q5_K_M (5-bit — Balanced) (Q5_K_M)	283.76 GiB	0.94 GiB	285.27 GiB (306.31 GB)	~5.7 tok/s	Exceeds Available GPU Memory	Multi-GPU Required	Config-derived formula
Q4_K_M / UD-Q4_K_XL / AWQ (4-bit — Recommended) (Q4_K_M)	242.14 GiB	0.94 GiB	243.65 GiB (261.62 GB)	~7.5 tok/s	Exceeds Available GPU Memory	Instinct MI355X 288GB (288GB)	Config-derived formula
GGUF IQ4_XS (4.25-bit — Compact) (IQ4_XS)	212.12 GiB	0.94 GiB	213.63 GiB (229.38 GB)	~9.9 tok/s	Exceeds Available GPU Memory	Instinct MI325X 256GB (256GB)	Config-derived formula
GGUF Q3_K_M (3-bit — Low VRAM) (Q3_K_M)	195.13 GiB	0.94 GiB	196.64 GiB (211.14 GB)	~12.2 tok/s	Exceeds Available GPU Memory	Instinct MI325X 256GB (256GB)	Config-derived formula
GGUF UD-Q2_K_XL (2-bit — Extreme MoE) (UD-Q2_K_XL)	137.52 GiB	0.94 GiB	139.03 GiB (149.28 GB)	~53.5 tok/s	Exceeds Available GPU Memory	Instinct MI300X 192GB (192GB)	Config-derived formula

Technical Specifications & FAQ

Does MiniMax M3.1 Flash (428B-A23B) fit on Gaudi 3 128GB HBM2e (128GB)?

In 4-bit (Q4_K_M) at 8,192 context, MiniMax M3.1 Flash (428B-A23B) requires 243.65 GiB total GPU memory (242.14 GiB weights + 0.94 GiB KV cache + 0.57 GiB runtime buffers) against 121.6 GiB usable on Gaudi 3 128GB HBM2e, delivering ~7.5 tok/s decode.

How much VRAM does MiniMax M3.1 Flash (428B-A23B) need at 32K context?

At 32,768 context tokens, MiniMax M3.1 Flash (428B-A23B) (Sparse MoE + GQA) allocates 3.75 GiB for KV cache and state, bringing total 4-bit VRAM to 246.46 GiB (264.63 GB decimal).

Evaluate This Model on Other GPUs

RTX 3060 12GB (12GB)RTX 4060 Ti 16GB (16GB)RTX 4070 Ti Super (16GB)RTX 4080 Super (16GB)RTX 5070 12GB (12GB)RTX 5070 Ti (16GB)RTX 5080 (16GB)RTX 3090 (24GB)RTX 4090 (24GB)RTX 4090 D (24GB)RTX 5090 (32GB)RTX 5090 D (32GB)RTX A6000 (48GB)RTX 6000 Ada (48GB)RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell (96GB)DGX Spark (GB10 128GB) (128GB)L4 24GB (24GB)A40 48GB (48GB)L20 48GB (48GB)L40S 48GB (48GB)A800 80GB SXM (80GB)A100 80GB SXM (80GB)H800 80GB SXM (80GB)H100 80GB SXM (80GB)H20 96GB HBM3 (96GB)H20 141GB HBM3e (141GB)H200 141GB SXM (141GB)B200 180GB (180GB)B300 288GB Blackwell Ultra (288GB)Ascend 910B 64GB (昇腾) (64GB)Ascend 910C 128GB (昇腾) (128GB)Atlas 300I Duo 96GB (310P) (96GB)MLU590 80GB (寒武纪思元) (80GB)DCU K100-AI 64GB (海光深算) (64GB)MetaX C500 64GB (沐曦曦云) (64GB)Kunlunxin P800 64GB (昆仑芯) (64GB)MTT S4000 48GB (摩尔线程) (48GB)Radeon RX 7900 XTX 24GB (24GB)Radeon AI PRO R9700 32GB (32GB)Ryzen AI Max+ 395 128GB (128GB)Instinct MI300X 192GB (192GB)Instinct MI325X 256GB (256GB)Instinct MI355X 288GB (288GB)Arc Pro B60 24GB (24GB)Mac mini M4 Pro 64GB (64GB)MacBook Pro M4 Max 128GB (128GB)Mac Studio M4 Ultra 256GB (256GB)Mac Studio M3 Ultra 512GB (512GB)

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